The disintegration of skin or tissues on the surface of the skin or any internal membrane results in sores. Sores of any type that are slow to heal and might recur are called ulcers. Different types of ulcers can appear anywhere in the body and can also disappear on their own. But in some cases, proper treatment is required to prevent complications. Herein, we discuss the most common types of ulcers and their symptoms and treatments.
1. Peptic ulcers
The most common types of ulcers develop in the lining of the stomach, the upper portion of the small intestine, or the esophagus; they are known as Peptic ulcers. A bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and long term use of antibiotics are the reasons behind peptic ulcers. Heartburn, bloating of the stomach, chest pain, weight loss are some symptoms shown by people suffering from this type of ulcer.
Peptic ulcers are further subdivided into three types:
Treatment of peptic ulcer depends on the type one is suffering from. A combination of medication to reduce stomach acid and antibiotics might be prescribed to get relief from ulcers.
2. Mouth ulcers
Round sores that are red or yellow in color and develop inside the mouth or base of the gums are called mouth ulcers. Also known as canker sores, this type of ulcer can develop due to bacterial infections, hormonal changes, food allergies or any deficiency in the body. Usually, mouth ulcers heal within two weeks on their own, but if the ulcer is painful and lasted for more than two weeks, it would require medical attention.
Mouth ulcers are again divided into three types:
3. Arterial ulcers
Ulcers that develop on the outer side of the feet, toes, ankles or heels is called arterial ulcers or ischemic ulcers. This type of ulcer usually develops due to a lack of blood flow in the arteries. Red or yellow sores, hairless skin, affected area turns cold due to lack of blood supply are some symptoms that can be seen in people with arterial ulcers. This ulcer type is usually painful and if left untreated can cause complications.
4. Genital ulcers
Sexually transmitted infections or underlying health conditions that affect the penis, vagina, anus, or the surrounding areas and develop sores in those areas are called genital ulcers. The treatment of this type of ulcer depends on the cause. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications can help in reducing pain.
5. Venous ulcers
This type of ulcer is common in older people and is the most common type of leg ulcer. Open wounds are formed below the knee or just above the ankle. Insufficient flow of blood in the veins, inflammation, and itchiness and swelling in the affected area are the main causes of venous ulcers. Treatment of this ulcer type depends on the severity of the ulcer.